Analysis of the Sustainability of Renewable Energy in Supporting Indonesia's Net Zero Emissions Target by 2060
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58812/wsnt.v3i02.2028Keywords:
Renewable energy, net zero emissions, sustainability, energy transition, IndonesiaAbstract
Indonesia’s commitment to achieving net zero emissions by 2060 underscores the pivotal role of renewable energy in ensuring environmental sustainability and energy security. This study analyzes the sustainability of renewable energy systems in Indonesia through a comprehensive literature review and document analysis. It examines the progress, challenges, and opportunities in renewable energy development, highlighting the critical role of policy frameworks, financing mechanisms, technological innovations, and community engagement. The findings reveal that while Indonesia has made significant strides in geothermal and hydropower, systemic barriers such as policy inconsistencies, financial constraints, and infrastructure limitations hinder the transition. Lessons from successful renewable energy transitions in Germany, India, and China provide actionable insights for accelerating Indonesia’s energy transition. Recommendations include strengthening policy coherence, mobilizing green financing, modernizing energy infrastructure, and fostering international collaboration to achieve Indonesia’s ambitious net zero emissions target.
References
[1] M. Syabriyana, “Progress and Challenges of Renewable Energy Transition in Indonesia’s Energy Mix Towards Net Zero Emissions,” JURUTERA-Jurnal Umum Tek. Terap., vol. 11, no. 02, pp. 76–82, 2024.
[2] H. Ardiansyah, E. Wahyuni, and P. Ekadewi, “Bridging the Gap between Policy and Net-Zero Realization in Indonesia: An Outlook of Available Approaches,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, IOP Publishing, 2024, p. 12003.
[3] P. Paiboonsin, G. Oluleye, M. Howells, R. Yeganyan, C. Cannone, and S. Patterson, “Pathways to Clean Energy Transition in Indonesia’s Electricity Sector with Open-Source Energy Modelling System Modelling (OSeMOSYS),” Energies, vol. 17, no. 1, p. 75, 2023.
[4] K. Mudhoffar and L. Magriasti, “Ekonomi Politik Energi Terbarukan: Peluang dan Tantangan di Indonesia,” Multiverse Open Multidiscip. J., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 47–52, 2024.
[5] B. P. Resosudarmo, J. F. Rezki, and Y. Effendi, “Prospects of energy transition in Indonesia,” Bull. Indones. Econ. Stud., vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 149–177, 2023.
[6] B. S. Ramadan et al., “Successful energy transition—Case study in Indonesia,” in Decarbonization Strategies and Drivers to Achieve Carbon Neutrality for Sustainability, Elsevier, 2024, pp. 391–408.
[7] A. Raihan, “An overview of the energy segment of Indonesia: present situation, prospects, and forthcoming advancements in renewable energy technology,” J. Technol. Innov. Energy, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 37–63, 2023.
[8] N. A. Pambudi et al., “Renewable energy in Indonesia: current status, potential, and future development,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 3, p. 2342, 2023.
[9] D. F. Silalahi, A. Blakers, M. Stocks, B. Lu, C. Cheng, and L. Hayes, “Indonesia’s vast solar energy potential,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 17, p. 5424, 2021.
[10] H. Setiawan, “Geothermal energy development in Indonesia: Progress, challenges and prospect,” Gas, vol. 1, p. 280, 2014.
[11] M. I. Alhamid, Y. Daud, A. Surachman, A. Sugiyono, H. B. Aditya, and T. M. I. Mahlia, “Potential of geothermal energy for electricity generation in Indonesia: A review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 53, pp. 733–740, 2016.
[12] E. T. Purba, C. Wulandari, and S. Bakri, “Kajian Hukum Kebijakan Energi Terbarukan Indonesia dan Realisasinya Menuju Tahun 2025,” Justicia Sains J. Ilmu Huk., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 390–404, 2024.
[13] S. Leduc, P. Patrizio, P. Yowargana, and F. Kraxner, “An optimal renewable energy mix for Indonesia,” in EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts, 2016, pp. EPSC2016-14632.
[14] Y. Zhang and Y. Su, “Towards a Sustainable Future: Exploring Innovative Financing Models for Renewable Energy,” MEDAAD, vol. 2024, pp. 34–40, 2024.
[15] S. K. MOHANTY, “Renewable energy strengthening through ecosystem in India”.
[16] P. D. Long, N. H. M. Tram, and P. T. B. Ngoc, “Financial mechanisms for energy transitions: a review article,” Fulbright Rev. Econ. Policy, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 126–153, 2024.
[17] С. В. Плетос, С. М. Колонтай, and О. О. Бондаренко, “Тенденції розвитку транспортної логістики в Україні,” Економіка і регіон, no. 2, pp. 92–99, 2024.
[18] V. Agbakwuru, P. O. Obidi, O. S. Salihu, and O. C. MaryJane, “The role of renewable energy in achieving sustainable development goals,” 2024.
[19] C. C. Nzeanorue and B. C. Okpala, “Smart Grids and Renewable Energy Integration: Challenges and Solutions,” Path Sci., vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 3050–3060, 2024.
[20] C. H. B. Apribowo, S. P. Hadi, and F. D. Wijaya, “Integration of Battery Energy Storage System to Increase Flexibility and Penetration Renewable Energy in Indonesia: A Brief Review,” in 2022 5th International Conference on Power Engineering and Renewable Energy (ICPERE), IEEE, 2022, pp. 1–6.
[21] A. Amiruddin, R. Dargaville, and R. Gawler, “Optimal Integration of Renewable Energy, Energy Storage, and Indonesia’s Super Grid,” Energies, vol. 17, no. 20, p. 5061, 2024.
[22] S. Singh and S. Singh, “Advancements and challenges in integrating renewable energy sources into distribution grid systems: A comprehensive review,” J. Energy Resour. Technol., vol. 146, no. 9, 2024.
[23] K. Buhmann, P. Bowles, D. Cambou, A.-S. H. Skjervedal, and M. Stoddart, “Toward socially sustainable renewable energy projects through involvement of local communities: Normative aspects and practices on the ground,” in Renewable Economies in the Arctic, Routledge, 2021, pp. 165–183.
[24] O. T. Oladipo, I. N. Dienagha, and W. N. Digitemie, “Building inclusive growth frameworks through strategic community engagement in energy infrastructure development projects,” J. Energy Res. Rev., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2025.
[25] P. A. Østergaard, N. Duic, Y. Noorollahi, H. Mikulcic, and S. Kalogirou, “Sustainable development using renewable energy technology,” Renewable energy, vol. 146. Elsevier, pp. 2430–2437, 2020.
[26] L. Jiao and Y. Tan, “Social Equity and Renewable Energy Access in Developing Countries,” MEDAAD, vol. 2024, pp. 27–33, 2024.
[27] H. Hariyadi et al., “Target An Assertive Geothermal Power Development from Indonesia’s Omnibus Law: A Critical Review,” 2024.
[28] F. A. Munaziza, Farizal, and D. S. Gabriel, “Optimization of Dimethyl Ether (DME) Transportation Routes Using the Multi-Objectives Model,” in Proceedings of the 3rd Asia Pacific Conference on Research in Industrial and Systems Engineering, 2020, pp. 64–68.
[29] A. Halimatussadiah, W. Kruger, F. Wagner, F. A. R. Afifi, R. E. G. Lufti, and L. Kitzing, “The country of perpetual potential: Why is it so difficult to procure renewable energy in Indonesia?,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 201, p. 114627, 2024.
[30] K. Roesad, “Barriers to Renewable Energy Investment in the Indonesian Power Sector,” 2017.
[31] E. P. Purnomo, T. Khairunisa, and C. F. Hung, “Renewable Energy and the Future of a Sustainable Economy in Indonesia,” in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing, 2024, p. 12051.
[32] I. Agustina, H. Khuan, B. Aditi, S. A. Sitorus, and T. P. Nugrahanti, “Renewable energy mix enhancement: the power of foreign investment and green policies,” Int. J. Energy Econ. Policy, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 370–380, 2023.
[33] A. N. Nurjaman, V. S. D. Soedarwo, D. S. Sayogo, and R. K. D. Susilo, “Assessing the Challenges and Opportunities for Implementing New and Renewable Energy Policy in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study,” J. Gov. Civ. Soc., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 77–90, 2024.
[34] L. C. Cameron and X. van Tilburg, “Barriers to medium scale renewable electricity generation in Indonesia,” ECN Policy Stud., 2016.
[35] P. Sopher, “Lessons Learned from Germany’s Energiewende: The Political, Governance, Economic, Grid Reliability, and Grid Optimization Bedrock for a Transition to Renewables,” Renew. Energy Law Policy Rev., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 99–112, 2015.
[36] A. Nazarov, V. Sulimin, and V. Shvedov, “Renewable energy sources: global implementation experience,” in E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, 2024, p. 1030.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Loso Judijanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Facebook 
Instagram 
Twitter 
Youtube 
westscience.journals@gmail.com