Bibliometric Mapping of Zakat, Waqf, and Islamic Social Finance: Integrating Tradition with Modern Financial Systems

Abstract

This study maps the intellectual structure and thematic evolution of Islamic social finance using a bibliometric analysis of Scopus-indexed publications from 2000 to 2025. The findings reveal three major research pillars: traditional instruments such as zakat, waqf, and sadaqah; sustainability and the Sustainable Development Goals; and rapidly emerging themes driven by digital transformation, including fintech, blockchain, crowdfunding, and digital zakat management. Density and overlay visualizations show that while zakat and Islamic finance remain central, recent scholarship increasingly focuses on technology-enabled social finance and crisis-responsive mechanisms, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Co-authorship and institutional networks highlight Malaysia and Indonesia as global research hubs, supported by strong collaborations with Pakistan, Turkey, the United States, and other regions. The most cited works demonstrate a shift from foundational sociocultural perspectives toward integrative, ecosystem-based models and digital innovation. The study contributes to understanding the expanding role of Islamic social finance in promoting financial inclusion, sustainable development, and ethical economic systems. Limitations include reliance on Scopus data and keyword-based analysis, suggesting opportunities for deeper qualitative and multidisciplinary exploration.