Environmental Law and Policy in BRICS Countries: Legal Analyses of Sustainable Development Goals and Enforcement Strategies’ ’Human Rights in BRICS: A Comparative Approach to International Standards and Domestic Legal Systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58812/wsshs.v2i12.1560Keywords:
Environmental Law, Human Rights, BRICS Countries, Sustainable Development Goals, Legal FrameworksAbstract
This paper examines the legal frameworks and enforcement strategies related to environmental governance and human rights in BRICS countries-Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. Through normative analysis, the study explores the alignment of national laws with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and international human rights standards. The findings reveal significant variations in legislative approaches and enforcement mechanisms across BRICS nations, influenced by socio-economic priorities and institutional capacities. The analysis highlights the challenges of balancing economic growth with sustainability and social equity while identifying best practices and opportunities for regional collaboration. This study contributes to the discourse on sustainable development by emphasizing the need for integrated legal approaches to environmental governance and human rights protection in BRICS countries.
References
V. Gavrilenko and V. Shenshin, “BRICS Expansion: A Geopolitical Triumph of Partner Countries,” BRICS Law J., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 9–53, 2024.
M. Guzmán, “BRICS como auspiciantes del cambio dentro de Arquitectura Financiera InternacionalBRICS as sponsors of change in the International Financial Architecture,” Rev. Integr. y Coop. Int., pp. 36–51, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.35305/revistamici.vi39.157.
J. N. Sawal and R. Anjum, “BRICS the Major Emerging Economies: Prospects for a Multi-Polar World,” Glob. Int. Relations Rev. VI, pp. 72–82, 2023.
R. Stojković and S. Milosavljević, “BRICS TENDENCIES TOWARDS REDEFINING THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC ORDER,” Sci. Int. J., vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 7–11, 2023.
M. K. Pasupuleti, “Global Power Shifts: The Role of Emerging Economies in International Relations,” 2024, pp. 199–231.
R. Russo, “Environmental Rights are a Human Right to a Healthy Environment: A Brief Review,” Russo, RO (2023). Environ. Rights are a Hum. Right to a Heal. Environ. A Br. Rev. Int. J. Life Sci. Agric. Res., vol. 2, pp. 476–479, 2023.
D. Shelton, “Human rights, environmental rights, and the right to environment,” in Environmental rights, Routledge, 2017, pp. 509–544.
J. Salehi and R. Jaride, “New National and International Processes of Human Dimensions of the Environmental Rights”.
V. S. Yadav and B. Singh, “Evaluating the Human Rights Perspective on Sustainable Development Goals Accessible Health Coverage,” J. Law Sustain. Dev., vol. 11, no. 6, pp. e1254–e1254, 2023.
S. J. Turner, “Business, human rights and the environment—Using macro legal analysis to develop a legal framework that coherently addresses the root causes of corporate human rights violations and environmental degradation,” Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 22, p. 12709, 2021.
R. Thiébaut, “The role of transnational legal process in advancing a sustainable agenda within the brics,” J. Law Sustain. Dev., vol. 12, no. 10, pp. e3997–e3997, 2024.
X. Zhu, H. Hussain, and S. Fang, “The BRICS Nations Framework for Curbing Carbon Emissions: Evidence From Energy Intensity, Renewable Energy, and Environmental Policy,” Asia Pacific Policy Stud., vol. 12, no. 1, p. e70002, 2025.
M. H. Riaz, M. Alam, A. Ali, A. Raihan, and Z. Ahmed, “Unveiling Ecological Footprints in BRICS+ Nations: Analyzing Natural Resource Exploration, Renewable Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth,” 2024.
J. Zhang and I. Yasin, “Greening the BRICS: How Green Innovation Mitigates Ecological Footprints in Energy-Hungry Economies,” Sustainability, vol. 16, no. 10, p. 3980, 2024.
E. N. Udemba, S. A. R. Shah, L. D. Philip, and G. Zhao, “The mediating role of green energy and environmental policies in sustainable development for BRICS economies: A tripartite impact of entrepreneurial activities, urban development and economic growth on ecological footprint,” Sustain. Dev., 2024.
H. Li and R. Xu, “Impact of fiscal policies and natural resources on ecological sustainability of BRICS region: Moderating role of green innovation and ecological governance,” Resour. Policy, vol. 85, p. 103999, 2023.
L. Xu and S. Tang, “Sustainable development: Maximizing productivity in natural resource markets for a more ecologically friendly future,” Resour. Policy, vol. 89, p. 104580, 2024.
C. L. Strapazzon and C. T. Della Zuana, “SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT REPORTS ON BRICS: VIOLATIONS TO FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE,” in Unoesc International Legal Seminar, 2016, pp. 233–246.
A. Mezyaev, E. Motrokhin, and G. Matveev, “Constitutional Principle of Equality in the Legal Systems of the BRICS States,” in First International Volga Region Conference on Economics, Humanities and Sports (FICEHS 2019), Atlantis Press, 2020, pp. 499–502.
C. Siddaraju, “‘ Human Rights And Social Justice In India : Challenges , Progress , And Pathways To Equity ,’” vol. 29, no. 11, pp. 72–77, 2024, doi: 10.9790/0837-2911037277.
K. Ivanova and M. Myltykbaev, “Implementing the Right to Information as a Key Element of Freedom of Expression in the BRICS Countries,” BRICS Law J., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 4–29, 2022.
A. Wang, “Climate change policy and law in China,” 2016.
Y. Sun, “The achievement, significance and future prospect of China’s renewable energy initiative,” Int. J. Energy Res., vol. 44, no. 15, pp. 12209–12244, 2020.
L. Zhang, “Legal framework and practice for environmental protection and application of green energy in China,” Int. J. Ambient Energy, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 489–496, 2017.
R. Leal-Arcas, M. Al Zarkani, L. Jbara, R. M. Mubwana, M. Margaritidou, and A. van der Berg, “Climate change mitigation law and policy in the BRICS,” in Research Handbook on Climate Change Mitigation Law, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022, pp. 196–239.
S. Mangal, “International Human Rights Law: Enforcement Mechanisms and Challenges in a Globalized World,” Indian J. Law, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1–4, 2024.
V. Sharma, “International Human Rights Law: Enforcement Mechanisms and Challenges in a Globalized World,” Indian J. Law, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 1–6, 2024.
L. Hilbink and C. E. Mejía, “Closing Gaps in Access to Justice and Rights,” Untapped Power Leveraging Divers. Incl. Confl. Dev., p. 445, 2022.
D. Birchall, “Human Rights and Political Economy: Realizing Rights Within and Beyond Global Capitalism,” in Human Rights and Political Economy: Realizing Rights Within and Beyond Global Capitalism: Birchall, David, [Sl]: SSRN, 2021.
O. Shcherbanyuk, I. Miniailenko, O. Holovko, S. Shestakova, and L. Tarasenko, “The problem of ensuring respect for economic human rights in Eastern Europe,” 2020.
D. Wei and A. P. Rafael, “INFLUENCING COMPANIES’GREEN GOVERNANCE THROUGH THE SYSTEM OF LEGAL LIABILITY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL INFRACTIONS IN CHINA AND BRAZIL: LIGHTING THE WAY TOWARD BRICS COOPERATION,” BRICS Law J., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 37–67, 2023.
L. Pathak and K. Shah, “Renewable energy resources, policies and gaps in BRICS countries and the global impact,” Front. energy, vol. 13, pp. 506–521, 2019.
M. C. Udeagha and E. Muchapondwa, “Striving for the United Nations (UN) sustainable development goals (SDGs) in BRICS economies: The role of green finance, fintech, and natural resource rent,” Sustain. Dev., vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 3657–3672, 2023.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Diah Ayu Rahmawati, Haryono Haryono, Woro Utari, Yoga Adi Prayogi, Sinarianda Kurnia Hartantien
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Facebook 
Instagram 
Twitter 
Youtube 
westscience.journals@gmail.com