Chemical Characteristics and Bibliometric Patterns of Indonesian Kaolin and Bentonite: An Exploratory Integrative Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58812/wsis.v4i09.3120Abstract
Indonesia has diverse kaolin and bentonite resources, but national claims are often inferred from non-equivalent samples and incomplete bibliographic records. This exploratory study integrated traceable secondary XRF/XRD evidence from selected Indonesian clays with four keyword co-occurrence maps derived from Google Scholar records retrieved through Publish or Perish for 2000–2025. The objective was to identify material variability, visible research themes, and priorities for reproducible clay research. Reviewed studies showed strong deposit and treatment specificity. A commercial kaolin studied in Medan contained 46.66 wt% SiO₂ and 39.63 wt% Al₂O₃, whereas Badau kaolin formed metakaolin at ≥600 °C. Pacitan bentonite was identified as Ca-montmorillonite; Santrijaya bentonite was montmorillonite-dominant, contained about 80% silica, and had a surface area of 121.89 m²/g and cation-exchange capacity of 43.23 meq/100 g. Indonesian maps emphasized characterization, adsorption, catalysis, soil, and composites, while global-labelled maps also contained intercalation, molecular modelling, and geotechnical themes. Because the queries and corpus sizes were not normalized, the maps support thematic comparison only. Deposit-resolved characterization, standardized performance testing, and documented data archiving are therefore the immediate priorities.
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