The Influence of Financial Literacy, Risk Tolerance, and Investment Planning on the Accumulation of Capital in Indonesian Middle Class
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58812/wsis.v2i12.1539Keywords:
Financial Literacy, Risk Tolerance, Investment Planning, Wealth Accumulation, Middle-Class HouseholdsAbstract
This research examines the influence of financial literacy, risk tolerance, and investment planning on capital accumulation in middle-class households in Indonesia. Using a quantitative research design, data from 130 respondents were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS 3). The results show that financial literacy, risk tolerance, and investment planning significantly contribute to wealth accumulation. Besides, risk tolerance partially mediates the effects of financial literacy, wealth accumulation, investment planning, and wealth accumulation. These findings underlined the importance of financial knowledge, strategic planning, and balanced risk-taking in the formation of financial well-being. The findings carry an important message for policymakers, financial institutions, and households in the design of relevant financial education programs and specific investment strategies.
References
R. H. Pauline, “Pemberdayaan Warga Golongan Menengah dalam Pembangunan di Perkotaan,” J. Masy. dan Budaya, pp. 150–163, 1998.
T. W. Setiyowati, “Inequality, the middle class and economic growth in Indonesia: Evidence from cross province analysis,” Unpubl. Thesis). Netherlands Erasmus Univ., 2013.
M. A. Nizar, “Kelas menengah (middle class) dan implikasinya bagi perekonomian Indonesia,” 2015.
I. Maipita and S. T. Wahyudi, “Income distribution and inequality in Indonesia: Study on middle class household,” J. Ekon. Pembang., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 131–141, 2017.
A. A. Diniyya, R. F. F. Y. F. Yasin, and M. W. Mahmud, “The Significance of Financial Literacy for Family Wealth Management: A Critical Study from Maqasid Perspective (Kepentingan Ilmu Kewangan dalam Pengurusan Harta Sesebuah Keluarga: Kajian Kritikal Mengikut Perdpektif Maqasid),” J. Islam Asia (E-ISSN 2289-8077), vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 198–215, 2020.
V. A et al., “Mechanics of Finance- Personal Finance advisory firm: ‘Finance Friend,’” Int. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Eng. Technol., vol. 10, pp. 1985–1986, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.22214/ijraset.2022.48396.
B. Özdemir, “Financial literacy in education process: Literature study,” Univers. Acad. Res. J., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 64–70, 2022.
R. Qian, “Management of Personal Finances and Investment Decisions,” Adv. Econ. Manag. Polit. Sci., vol. 64, pp. 202–212, 2023.
Raghvendra, T. Saxena, S. Verma, R. Saxena, S. Dron, and S. Singh, “Combination of financial literacy, strategic marketing and effective human resource for sustainable household wealth development,” Sci. Temper, vol. 15, pp. 2833–2838, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.58414/SCIENTIFICTEMPER.2024.15.3.53.
V. I. Dewi, “Asset Allocation: Diversification Dan Rebalancing Sebagai Bagian Dari Proses Perencanaan Keuangan (Suatu Kajian Pustaka),” Bina Ekon., vol. 17, no. 1, 2013.
J. Hosoda and K. Funaki, “Investment plan planning apparatus, investment plan planning method, and investment plan planning program.” Google Patents, Oct. 2013.
J. Nazarova, “Investment Planning in the Context of Business Cycle Volatility,” Econ. Bus., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 53–57, 2015.
R. Dirsan and A. Z. Arifin, “Keputusan investasi saham di Indonesia: Pendekatan teori planned behaviour,” J. Manaj. Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 1127–1138, 2023.
N. Sani and V. S. Paramita, “Pengaruh Pengalaman Investasi, Risk Tolerance, Dan Sosial Media Terhadap Keputusan Investasi Dengan Literasi Keuangan Sebagai Variabel Moderasi (Studi Pada Investor Generasi Z Jawa Barat),” Equilib. J. Ilm. Ekon. Manaj. Dan Akunt., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 134–147, 2024.
R. D. A. Rasjid, “THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL LITERACY ON INTENTIONS TO INCREASE THE PERFORMANCE AND SUSTAINABILITY OF MSMEs DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN BULUKUMBA,” J. Appl. Manag. Account., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 132–145, 2022.
R. Ashari, F. Fendi, M. Goverish, and S. S. Mustika, “The Influence of Financial Literacy and Personality Traits on Retirement Planning Strategies Among Full-time Employees of Indonesia,” Syntax Idea, vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 6097–6103, 2024.
F. Satyani, “The influence of financial literacy, herding and overconfidence on investment decision making among Indonesian Gen Z,” Financ. Account. Res. J., vol. 6, pp. 2016–2027, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.51594/farj.v6i11.1686.
P. R. Silalahi, R. R. Syahputri, R. Prayoga, and A. Meianti, “Pentingnya Literasi Keuangan Bagi Masyarakat Agar Tidak Tertipu Investasi Bodong: Studi Kasus Binomo,” El-Mujtama J. Pengabdi. Masy., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 346–355, 2022.
B. L. Pradana, “TINJAUAN LITERATUR FINANCIAL LITERACY DAN PENGARUHNYA PADA BIAS KEUANGAN,” J. Bina Manaj., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 214–225, 2022.
E. Fornero and A. Lo Prete, “Financial education: From better personal finance to improved citizenship,” J. Financ. Lit. Wellbeing, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 12–27, 2023, doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/flw.2023.7.
T. Q. Long and N. D. Tue, “Financial Knowledge and Short-and Long-Term Financial Behavior Across Gender and Generations: Evidence from Japan,” SAGE Open, vol. 14, no. 4, p. 21582440241295850, 2024.
G. Raghunandan and T. H. Somashekhar, “Financial Literacy Among Unorganised Workers : A Bird ’ s View,” vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 2–8, 2024.
Y. Bayar, H. F. Sezgin, Ö. F. Öztürk, and M. Ü. Şaşmaz, “Financial literacy and financial risk tolerance of individual investors: Multinomial logistic regression approach,” Sage Open, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 2158244020945717, 2020.
H. Park, “Influence of risk tolerance on long-term investments: a Malliavin calculus approach,” Stochastics, vol. 94, no. 6, pp. 833–864, 2022.
A. Rafay and S. Mustafa, “Interplay Among Personality Traits and Investment Decision Making With Mediating: Role of Financial Risk Tolerance,” Int. J. Soc. Sci. Entrep., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 137–162, 2023.
E. J. Kwak and J. E. Grable, “A Comparison of Financial Risk-Tolerance Assessment Methods in Predicting Subsequent Risk Tolerance and Future Portfolio Choices,” Risks, vol. 12, no. 11, p. 170, 2024.
S. Sarkar, “Managing Portfolio for Maximizing Alpha and Minimizing Beta,” arXiv Prepr. arXiv2304.05900, 2023.
A. Ganguly and P. Prakash, “Investment and Retirement Planning–A Conceptual Analysis,” Int. J. Prof. Bus. Rev., vol. 8, no. 8, pp. e03645–e03645, 2023.
V. BRATIUK and O. FEIER, “FINANCIAL PLANNING AS AN ELEMENT OF SUBSTANTIATION OF BUSINESS DECISIONS IN THE FACE OF EXISTING RISK AND THE USE OF INSURANCE AS A METHOD OF REDUCING THE DEGREE OF RISK,” Innov. Sustain., pp. 104–111, Mar. 2024, doi: 10.31649/ins.2024.1.104.111.
H. Evensky, “Wealth management: The financial advisor’s guide to investing and managing client assets,” (No Title), 1997.
S. Hussain and A. Rasheed, “Empirical Study on Financial Literacy, Investors’ Personality, Overconfidence Bias and Investment Decisions and Risk Tolerance as Mediator Factor,” 2022.
R. Annisa, M. S. A. Majid, M. Agustina, R. Nurdin, S. Sartiyah, and M. H. Riyaldi, “Do Financial Literacy and Digital Technology Drive Investment Intention Among Gen Z in the Islamic Capital Market: A Mediating Role of Risk Tolerance,” in 2023 International Conference on Sustainable Islamic Business and Finance (SIBF), IEEE, 2023, pp. 276–280.
F. N. Ulfa, S. Supramono, and A. I. Sulistyawati, “Influence of Financial Literacy, Risk Tolerance, Financial Efficacy on Investment Decisions and Financial Management Behavior,” Kontigensi J. Ilm. Manaj., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 794–806, 2023.
A. Mandal, R. K. Kovid, and A. Saxena, “Investigating Influence of Financial Literacy on Investment Awareness: Mediating Role of Risk Tolerance,” Mudra J. Financ. Account., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 118–136, 2023.
H. Hardani et al., “Metode penelitian kualitatif & kuantitatif,” Yogyakarta Pustaka Ilmu, 2020.
J. F. Hair, J. J. Risher, M. Sarstedt, and C. M. Ringle, “When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM,” Eur. Bus. Rev., vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 2–24, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203.
J. F. Hair, C. M. Ringle, and M. Sarstedt, A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). 2e Edition. USA: SAGE Publications, 2017.
M. S. R. Khan, N. Rabbani, and Y. Kadoya, “Is financial literacy associated with investment in financial markets in the United States?,” Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 18, p. 7370, 2020.
T. Yeh, “An empirical study on how financial literacy contributes to preparation for retirement,” J. Pension Econ. Financ., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 237–259, 2022.
R. Maurya, A. Mohta, and V. Shunmugasundaram, “Impact of financial literacy on investors: a systematic literature review using PRISMA protocol,” Int. J. Account. Financ. Rev., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 53–66, 2023.
T. Liu, M. Fan, Y. Li, and P. Yue, “Financial literacy and household financial resilience,” Financ. Res. Lett., vol. 63, p. 105378, 2024.
K. Chavali and M. P. Mohanraj, “Impact of demographic variables and risk tolerance on investment decisions–an empirical analysis,” Int. J. Econ. Financ. issues, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 169–175, 2016.
K. Swart, “The development and empirical evaluation of a client/investor risk-tolerance model.” Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University, 2016.
L. Nguyen, G. Gallery, and C. Newton, “The influence of financial risk tolerance on investment decision-making in a financial advice context,” Australas. Accounting, Bus. Financ. J., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 3–22, 2016.
W. C. Martin and A. Davari, “Examining financial risk tolerance via mental accounting and the behavioral life-cycle hypothesis,” Acad. Mark. Stud. J., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 1–13, 2018.
M. Lahiri, “An analysis of Risk Tolerance of Individual Investor using Gray Relational Analysis Method,” REST J. Banking, Account. Bus., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 147–156, 2024, doi: 10.46632/jbab/2/2/21.
S. Rastogi and S. Gupta, “Development of scale to measure objectives-oriented investment behavior,” J. Behav. Financ., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 301–310, 2020.
J.-G. Simonato, “Maximizing the Probability to Reach the Goal: An Exploration Exercise in Goal-Based Wealth Management.,” J. Portf. Manag., vol. 49, no. 5, 2023.
K. G. Ang, “The Study of the Impact of Financial Goal Setting on Personal Investment Performance,” Available SSRN 4844639, 2024.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Ahmad Wimbo Helvianto, Aniza Nur Madyanti

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.








